From Neutron Skins to Neutron Stars: Probing the Dense-Matter Equation of StateHYBRID

Abstract: Recent experiments and multimessenger observations provide unprecedented constraints on the dense-matter equation of state(EOS). In this talk, I will discuss the implications of neutron-skin measurements of 208Pb (PREX-II) and 48Ca (CREX) for the symmetry energy, and demonstrate that their tension can be mitigated by considering isovector spin-orbit interactions in Skymre and relativistic mean field (RMF) models. Within the current constraints, I will further explore possible scenarios of quark–hadron transitions, ranging from a strong first-order phase transition to a smooth crossover as in quarkyonic matter. Because exotic phases in the cores of neutron stars are difficult to constrain through bulk properties alone, I will demonstrate how gravity-mode (g-mode) oscillations in both cold and hot neutron stars can serve as sensitive probes of composition gradients and potential phase transitions, defining new frontiers for future gravitational-wave observations. The final aim is to connect laboratory measurements of static and colliding nuclei with astrophysical signatures of dense matter.