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KBW lecture hall (GSI)

KBW lecture hall

GSI

Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
Christina Trautmann (GSI, Darmstadt) , Daniel Severin (GSI, Darmstadt) , Ina Schubert (GSI, Darmstadt) , Kay-Obbe Voss (GSI, Darmstadt) , Maik Lang (University of Tenneessee) , Maria Eugenia Toimil Molares (GSI, Darmstadt) , Marilena Tomut (GSI, Darmstadt) , Markus Bender (GSI, Darmstadt)
Description

!!!   New abstract and registration deadline: Friday 16th of March   !!!

 

The four-day workshop includes the annual Workshop on Ion and Particle Beams (Ionenstrahl Workshop) of the German community and the MAT User Collaboration Meeting giving the users of the GSI ion beam facilities a chance to present current activities. The event offers also a platform to discuss upcoming opportunities for Material Science at the future FAIR Facility. We expect exciting discussions regarding the future road of the interdisciplinary MAT user community towards FAIR, with special focus on irradiation experiments of samples under high pressures.

Topics include:

  • Irradiation effects with energetic ions
  • Radiation effects and defects in metals, semiconductors, ceramics
  • Modification of insulators, polymers, and biomaterials
  • Radiation hardness of materials
  • Material under extreme conditions
  • Nanostructure synthesis with ion beams
  • Analysis with ion beams and positrons

Deadline for registration and abstract submission                    March 5, 2018

 

 

During the MAT-Science Week the following sessions are planned:

April 24-25

Annual Workshop on Ion and Particle Beams

Talks and posters will address current activities by the German community using positrons and ion beams (from eV up to GeV) for analysis, material modification and fabrication of nanostructures. Updates on research and instrumentation at large scale facilities supported by the “Verbundforschung” will be discussed.

 

April 25-27

MAT User Collaboration Meeting and Material Science at the Future FAIR Facility

The goal is to present current MAT user activities and to develop further strategies for the experimental research program during and after the construction phase of the new FAIR facilities. With experts from high-pressure physics, radiation effects in solids, geosciences, plasma physics, and nanoscience, we anticipate stimulating discussion on future MAT applications of GSI/FAIR beams.

Dedicated overview talks on the following topics will be provided

  • GSI/FAIR facilities including UNILAC and SIS-18, the CRYRING (the storage ring for ions with highest charge states and energies up to 10 MeV per nucleon is currently under commissioning) and future beamlines at FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) providing beams of highest intensities and energies up to 10 GeV per nucleon (Daniel Severin).
  • PRIOR (Proton Microscope for FAIR) for high-precision proton radiography (Dimtry Varentsov)
  • Radiation effects induced by swift heavy ions (Marcel Toulemonde)
  • Solids under extreme conditions, coupling swift heavy ions and high pressure (Maik Lang)
  • High-pressure technology (NN)
  • High-pressure science (NN)
  • Extreme conditions/warm dense matter (Paul Neumayer)
  • Compact synchrotron source (Björn Winkler)

 

There is no conference fee.

Postdocs and students are strongly encouraged to participate.

Please pass this information on to interested colleagues.

Abstract book
Timetable
Participants
  • Abdenacer Benyagoub
  • Aditya Narain Agnihotri
  • Alexey Prosvetov
  • Alexis RIBET
  • Alrik Stegmaier
  • Anand Police
  • Andreas Wucher
  • Bjoern Winkler
  • Björn Tietz
  • Carsten Ronning
  • Chi Xu
  • Christina Trautmann
  • Christoph Hugenschmidt
  • Daniel Schmitt
  • Daniel Severin
  • Darina Manova
  • Debora Faller
  • Denise Erb
  • Dimitar Yordanov
  • Dmitry Varentsov
  • Eduardo Serralta Hurtado de Menezes
  • Fabian Jäger
  • Feida Chen
  • Florent Yang
  • Frans Munnik
  • Georg Rugel
  • Gerd Datzmann
  • Giuseppa Distefano
  • Gregor Hlawacek
  • Guanghua Du
  • Günther Dollinger
  • Hans Hofsäss
  • Hermann Rothard
  • Ina Schubert
  • Ioannis Tzifas
  • Jan Meijer
  • Jean Gabriel Mattei
  • Jie Liu
  • Jinglai Duan
  • Johannes von Borany
  • Jorge SAMPAIO
  • Joshua Weygant
  • Julien Lecarte
  • Jura Rensberg
  • Jürgen W. Gerlach
  • Karl-Heinz Heinig
  • Kay-Obbe Voss
  • Klaus Wendt
  • Lars Breuer
  • Leon Kirsch
  • Leonard Edens
  • Lothar Bischoff
  • Lukas Madauß
  • Magdalena Krupska
  • Maik Lang
  • Maksym Miski-Oglu
  • Mao Wang
  • Marcel Toulemonde
  • Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares
  • Marilena Tomut
  • Markus Bender
  • Maxim Saifulin
  • Michael Dürr
  • Michael Wagner
  • Mubarak Ali
  • N.-T.H. Kim-Ngan
  • Nada Mohamed
  • Nasrin Baghban Khojasteh
  • Nico Klingner
  • Nils Max Ulrich
  • Nina Kneip
  • Oliver Forstner
  • Pascal Simon
  • Paul Neumayer
  • Phe Man Suherman
  • Philipp Bolz
  • Pui Lap Jacob Lee
  • Reinhard Boehler
  • René Heller
  • Roberto Llovera
  • Roman Voronkov
  • Ruslan Rymzhanov
  • Sascha Creutzburg
  • Sergey Gorbunov
  • Sergey Rogozhkin
  • Shavkat Akhmadaliev
  • Silke Merchel
  • Stefan Facsko
  • Stefan Petzold
  • Stefan Schippers
  • Stephan Mändl
  • Sven Neve
  • Thomas Schlothauer
  • Tieshan Wang
  • Tom Kieck
  • Ulrich Anton Glasmacher
  • Valentina Mochalova
  • Walter Assmann
  • Wilfried B. Holzapfel
  • Winfried Barth
  • Wolfgang Bolse
  • Zuzana Konopkova
  • Tuesday, 24 April
    • 10:00 → 10:30
      Registration 30m KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
    • 10:30 → 12:30
      Mat Science Week: Session 1 KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
      • 10:30
        Welcome 20m
      • 10:50
        Polymer membranes analyzed by Elastic Recoil Detection and Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy 20m
        Extensive characterization is needed to understand the physicochemical properties of polymeric membranes that are used for water purification. Currently, most techniques characterize the (near)-surface region of the membrane, even though its bulk obviously also plays a significant role in the final membrane performance. To achieve depth-profiles of the elemental composition of both integrally skinned asymmetric (ISA) and thin-film composite (TFC) membranes, elastic recoil detection (ERD) is introduced to the field. Volume-averaged chlorine-uptake as well as complete Cl- and H-profiles as a function of membrane depth were obtained after NaOCl cleaning procedures at high pressures (e.g. 10 bar for 2.5 h) of polyamide (PA)-based thin film composite (TFC) membranes. The decrease in H-content upon chlorine exposure could be quantitatively proven for the first time and the influence of pressure, pH and chlorine feed-concentration on the location of chlorine in the membrane was studied. More chlorine is present deeper in the PA-layer with increasing chlorine uptake, either by increasing chlorine dose or by decreasing pH. The chlorine uptake goes in-line with reduced positron lifetime indicating a reduction of open pore size. It demonstrates a “tightening” of the membranes with reduced water permeability.
        Speaker: Prof. Günther Dollinger (Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany)
      • 11:10
        Plasmonic nanostructures prepared by ion track technology and electrodeposition 20m
        Metallic nanowires have various applications in the fields of sensorics, electronic or energy harvesting. These applications are based on the excitation of collective electronic oscillations in the nanowires called surface plasmons that are generated by the electric field of light. Whereas the resonant plasmonic wavelength of a spherical Au particle is located in the visible light range, for Au nanowires the resonant wavelength can be tuned precisely and shifted to the infrared by varying the wire dimensions. At the resonant wavelength, very high nearfield enhancements are generated on the wire surface that allow for example to enhance the infrared vibrational modes of an analyte present in the wire proximity. Not only individual nanowires, but also coupling of nanowires is attracting great interest since higher nearfield enhancements and new plasmonic modes are generated. Ion track technology combined with electrodeposition is a powerful technique to synthesize nanowires with well-defined parameters. In this talk, we give an overview of the different Au and Au-Ag nanostructures that we have created with this technique, such as smooth and porous AuAg nanowires as well as two wires separated by very small gaps or small conducting bridges. Their plasmonic properties were studied dependent on the different nanowire parameters such as length, diameter, porosity, or gap sizes by electron energy loss spectroscopy in a TEM as well as by infrared microscopy.
        Speaker: Dr Ina Schubert (GSI, Darmstadt)
      • 11:30
        Ion track-based nanostructures for tuning plasmonic and electrical properties 20m
        Tuning plasmonic and electrical properties of nanostructures is of great importance for exploring new applications. Based on ion track technology, we have developed several interesting nanostructures, including nanowires, nanocones, metasurface, and sharp ridge-rich hierarchical nanopillars. Taking benefit from such a unique technology, we demonstrate that the key parameters of nanostructures, such as materials’ composition, shape, size, areal density, crystallinity, and crystallographic orientation, can be well controlled, upon fabrication conditions. As such, we further show that the plasmonic and electrical properties can be tuned, which are particularly for exploring new applications such as sensing and electronic devices. In this work, we report on the recently developed nanostructures and some ongoing research activities, with particular attention to IMP-GSI collaborations on nano research.
        Speakers: Prof. Jie Liu (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) , Dr Jinglai Duan (Materials Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
      • 11:50
        Analysis of the Electric-Double-Layer formation by in-situ Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry 20m
        A setup for in-situ Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) has been installed at the 2 MV Van-de-Graaff accelerator at the Ion Beam Center (IBC) of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR). Online analysis of solid-liquid interfaces as well as electro-chemistry experiments are conducted by this technique. A Si3N4 window separates the liquid from the vacuum in the RBS chamber. A He+ beam (E = 1.7 MeV) is utilized for the RBS measurements. RBS as well as Particle Induced X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy (PIXE) spectra are recorded simultaneously to increase the sensitivity for trace elements. The technique was employed for direct measurements of the Electric-Double-Layer (EDL) formation on Si3N4. Investigations of the EDL formation at solid-liquid interfaces are of great significance due to the various valuable applications such as super-capacitors that can be utilized to provide a backup power supply or applied in various other fields [1-3]. In our preliminary experiments, the specific adsorption of Barium ions from a 1mM BaCl2 solution with various pH values was observed in a direct and quantitative manner. Sensitivity of the technique reaches the ppm range and areal densities can be measured down to 0.1 atomic monolayer. [1]Kötz et al., (2002). The 12th International Seminar on Double Layer Capacitors and Similar Energy Storage Devices, Dec, USA. [2]Faggioli et al., (1999). J. Power Sources, 84(2): 261. [3]Simon et al., (2008). Nature materials, 7(11): 845.
        Speaker: Ms Nasrin Baghban Khojasteh (Ion Beam Center, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, HZDR)
      • 12:10
        Single-ion-induced surface modifications on H/Si(001) - significant difference between slow highly charged and swift heavy ions 20m
        Electronic excitation caused by swift heavy ions (SHI) in solids often leads to permanent changes in the crystal structure, either by direct excitation or electron-phonon coupling following the initial electronic excitation. At single crystal surfaces, this leads to modifications of the topography which can be detected in real space by means of scanning probe techniques. For monoatomic projectiles, no such permanent surface restructuring has been reported for crystalline silicon up to a stopping power of 21 keV/nm so far. On the other hand, theoretical models suggest a lower threshold for atomic rearrangement in silicon. In this study, we increased the sensitivity for ion-induced damage on a silicon surface by using hydrogen-terminated Si(001) surfaces in combination with scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). Desorption of single hydrogen atoms or molecules leads to a clear signature in the STM images and thus damage could be resolved on the atomic scale. In comparison with slow highly-charged ions (HCI), swift heavy ions show, if at all, a very localized effect on the H/Si(001) surface.
        Speaker: Michael Dürr (Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen(JULGi))
    • 12:30 → 14:00
      Lunch 1h 30m KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
    • 14:00 → 15:20
      Mat Science Week: Session 2 KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
      • 14:00
        Development of an efficient high-current ion source for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry 20m
        A new efficient negative ion source for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is being built to quantify the ratios of long-lived cosmogenic radionuclides in micrometeorites. Measuring these extremely small ratios is at the technological limits of present AMS systems. The new source is designed specifically to provide a higher AMS detection sensitivity by having an optimal ion-optics design, incorporating new concepts for the construction and operation of the Cs ionizer, optimized Cs ion beam currents and Cs vapor transport, as well as the operation with higher cathode voltages than usual. Moreover, its design is modular providing ease of access and simplifying maintenance while providing better mechanical stability. Several source parameters can be controlled and measured during operation to achieve a better source performance. The new source will consist of a auto-aligning modular ionizer, a Cesium supply with active temperature control of the supply tubes, a novel shroud for the Cs supply and a cathode operated at up to -20 kV cathode bias. The design is optimized using COMSOL ion optics simulations, including space charge effects, thermal transport simulations as well as detailed sputter simulations. The authors would like to thank the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany for its financial support (project 05K2016), and the HZDR's Ion Beam Center for its essential contribution to the realization of this project.
        Speaker: Prof. Hans Hofsäss (University Göttingen)
      • 14:20
        Detecting Beryllium-10 from exotic decays by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) 20m
        The one-neutron halo-nucleus Be-11 decays via beta-minus to the stable nucleus B-11 (t1/2=13.76 s). In rare cases a subsequent emission of a proton leads to the unstable nucleus 10Be. Theoretical calculations predict a branching ratio of this rare decay channel of below 1E-7. With the capability of AMS in measuring ultra-low isotopic ratios (Be-10/Be-9 < 1E-15) the branching ratio of beta-delayed proton decay to Be-10 could be measured for the first time. A beam of Be-11 ions was produced at the radioactive ion beam facility ISOLDE at CERN. After mass separation the ions were implanted in Cu targets. These targets containing the produced Be-10 were spiked with low-level Be-9 and in the form of BeO chemically prepared as AMS targets at HZDR. The resulting Be-10/Be-9 ratios were determined via AMS at the VERA laboratory of the University of Vienna. With the known quantity of added Be-9 the amount of implanted Be-10 was calculated. Due to the low expected branching ratio and the resulting low number of implanted Be-10 atoms a high efficiency paired with a low background of the Be-9 carrier material was necessary. To further widen the spectrum of radionuclides measureable by AMS and lowering the detection limits for similar nuclear physics research, we are planning to implement an optical filtering method for selective suppression of isobars by laser photodetachment (LISEL) at the 6 MV tandem accelerator at HZDR.
        Speaker: Dr Oliver Forstner (FSU Jena, HI Jena)
      • 14:40
        Beryllium-7 at DREsden Accelerator Mass Spectrometry 20m
        Half-lives of routine accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) nuclides typically range from thousands to millions of years. We measured short-lived $^{7}$Be (T1/2 = 53.2 d) at the DREsden AMS-facility (DREAMS) [1] as low as 90 mBq, which can be challenging for rapid $\gamma$-counting. Simultaneous determination of $^{7}$Be and $^{10}$Be (T$_{1/2}$ = 1.387 Ma) via AMS is advantageous for improved understanding of production, transport, and deposition of atmospherically produced $^{7,9,10}$Be [2]. Data was normalized to a $^{7}$Be sample produced via $^{7}$Li(p,n)$^{7}$Be, measured by $\gamma$-counting and chemically processed to BeO after adding low-level $^{9}$Be carrier ($^{7}$Be/$^{9}$Be $\approx 10{^{-12}}$). The isobar $^{7}$Li is completely eliminated by chemistry and the degrader foil technique (at detector $^{7}$Be$^{4+}$, 10.2 MeV, no $^{7}$Li$^{4+}$ possible). The blank ratio of $5\times 10{^{-16}}$ $^{7}$Be/$^{9}$Be (0.8 mBq) and simple and fast chemistry allows for the measurement of rainwater samples, collected in Germany, as small as 10 mL corresponding to a few times $10{^{-14}}$ $^{7}$Be/$^{9}$Be [3,4]. Thanks to D. Bemmerer (HZDR) and G. György (ATOMKI, Hungary) for help with the $^{7}$Be normalization material. [1] G. Rugel et al., *NIMB* 370 (2016) 94. [2] A.M. Smith et al., *NIMB* 294 (2013) 59. [3] R. Querfeld et al., *JRNC* 314 (2017) 521. [4] C. Tiessen et al. *JRNC* (to be submitted).
        Speaker: Dr Georg Rugel (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf)
      • 15:00
        Production and Characterization of the 163Ho Source for the ECHo Project 20m
        The ECHo (Electron Capture in Holmium Experiment) collaboration aims at measuring the electron neutrino mass by recording the spectrum following electron capture of 163Ho using metallic magnetic calorimeters. The radioisotope 163Ho (t1/2 = 4570 a) is produced by neutron capture from enriched 162Er in the Institute Laue-Langevin high-flux nuclear reactor. After chemical separation the important step of embedding the sample into the 180x180 𝜇m2 Au-absorbers of the ECHo detectors is carried out by laser mass spectrometric techniques. The application of multi-step resonance ionization at the 60 kV RISIKO mass separator of Mainz University ensures highest efficiency and unrivalled elemental and isotopic selectivity for ultra-pure 163Ho ion implantation with sub-millimeter beam spot. The efficiency and stability of the laser ion source and the implantation process is permanently monitored and improved to minimize any losses of the precious sample material, while an in-situ deposition of gold by parallel pulsed laser deposition (PLD) ensures a homogeneous 163Ho/Au layer production and prevents disturbing sputter effects. To screen the purity of the source from production up to use besides a number of more conventional analytical techniques accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) of Ho at the AMS-facility of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf is under development to address the very low content in the 10-9 or lower region of the radiocontaminating isotope 166mHo (t1/2 = 1200 a).
        Speaker: Prof. Klaus Wendt (University of Mainz)
    • 15:20 → 17:00
      KFSI-Meeting (until 16:20), Postersession, and Coffee KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
    • 17:00 → 18:40
      Mat Science Week: Session 3 KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
      • 17:00
        Particle Ejection from an Energized Track: Comparison with the Nuclear Sputtering Process 20m
        New experimental results regarding the mass and charge state distribution of material sputtered under irradiation with swift heavy ions suggest fundamental differences between the particle ejection mechanisms under electronic and nuclear sputtering conditions. In order to illustrate the difference, computer simulations based on molecular dynamics were performed to model the surface ejection process of atoms and molecules from an energized track as induced, for instance, by a swift heavy ion impact. First, the sputter yield is calculated as a function of track radius and energy and compared to corresponding experimental data in order to find realistic values for the effective energy deposited in the lattice. The sputtered material is then analyzed with respect to its composition, its emission energy and angle distribution as well as its depth of origin below the surface. The results are compared to corresponding data obtained from keV impact induced sputter simulations in order to reveal possible differences, which can then be utilized to interpret measured mass spectral data in terms of sputter yields and understand the different influence of surface contaminations observed under electronic and nuclear sputtering conditions.
        Speaker: Prof. Andreas Wucher (University Duisburg-Essen)
      • 17:20
        Investigations and modifications of selected thin films by 1-2 MeV rare-gas ion beams 20m
        We used 1-2 MeV rare-gas (He, Ar, Kr) ion beams to study and modify the surface and interfaces of thin films of materials with a high potential for applications, such as magnetite Fe3O4 (spintronic devices/sensors at room temperature), titanium oxynitrides TiNxOy (photocatalysis), Ti/V and their oxides-based films (hydrogen storage), uranium nitride UN (nuclear fuels), highly-ordered Pd-Fe alloys (high-density recording materials). We show e.g. that: 1) the stoichiometric Fe3O4 layer on the film surface of the bi-layered of Fe3O4/Fe/MgO(001) films could be well preserved upon Ar+ and Kr+ ion irradiation with e.g. ion fluence of 3.8x10^16 Kr/cm2, while such ion fluence has induced a complete oxidization of the Fe layer, 2) hydrogen amount up to 40-50% can be stored in the Ti layers while it diffuses without accumulation through the TiO2 layer and covering the film surface by palladium would lead to a large increase of hydrogen concentration indicating that Pd could act as a good catalyst, 3) a large hydrogen absorption can be obtained in the V2O5-TiO2 films but hydrogen absorption can induce V2O5-VO2 transition 4) 1 MeV Ar+ ion irradiation could restore the stoichiometry 1:1 and as a consequence increase the total film thickness of UN films, 5) the Pd or Fe layer can survive Ar+ ion irradiation at low damage levels, while the thermal treatment caused a large change of surface morphology.
        Speaker: Prof. N.-T.H. Kim-Ngan (Nanostructure Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Cracow, Poland)
      • 17:40
        An energy and mass selective hyperthermal ion beam for ion-assisted thin film deposition purposes 20m
        In thin film growth using physical vapor deposition methods like e.g. magnetron sputtering, energetic particles are involved in the deposition process acting either directly as film-forming components or indirectly as impinging particles which deliver additional energy and momentum to the surface of the growing film. With most of these techniques, there exists a mixture of all these particle fluxes and they can hardly be separated. An exception is the ion-beam assisted deposition technique, which is characterized by simultaneous irradiation of the growing thin film with energetic ions. By this, a ballistic enhancement of the adatom mobility can be achieved. In the case of nitrogen ion beams however, the typically used nitrogen plasma based ion-beam sources counteract the demand to chose the ion-beam parameters as freely as possible, because the resulting ion beam consists of a blend of both molecular and atomic nitrogen ions. In this contribution, a compact custom setup is presented which allows generating a hyperthermal nitrogen ion beam with variable ion energy and selectable ion mass. This was realized by combining a plasma based ion source with a quadrupole mass filter system, equipped with entry and exit ion optics, ion-beam deflection, as well as ion-beam current monitoring. The key features of this setup are demonstrated and discussed regarding ion-assisted nitride thin film growth using the model system GaN.
        Speaker: Dr Jürgen W. Gerlach (Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e.V., Leipzig, Germany)
      • 18:00
        Layer stability and interface properties of single- and bi-layer magnetite films grown on MgO(001) substrates 20m
        An increasing interest is focused on the epitaxial magnetite (Fe3O4)-based films due to their potential application as spin dependent transport devices. We present our study of the composition and layer structure of the single-layer Fe3O4 and bi-layer Fe3O4/Fe films epitaxially deposited on MgO(001) substrates. We focus on underlining the influence of thermal annealing and ion beam irradiation on the layer and interface properties to gain information about the film stability and/or its changes in external conditions, such as temperature, air exposure and ion-beam exposure. The films in different states were investigated by combined X-ray reflectometry and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The crystalinity of the films was studied by RBS-channeling experiments. For investigating the atomic transport processes, we used inner-gas and metallic ions (Ar, Kr, Au) with energy of 1-2 MeV to modify (tailor) samples by controlled irradiation experiments. The most important finding is that the bi-layer structure of magnetite films are well preserved upon ion irradiations despite of a large decrease of the layer thickness, whereas it disappeared completely as a consequence of a full oxidation of Fe buffer layer upon annealing. *The ion beam experiments were performed in a collaboration with RBS groups in the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the University Frankfurt/Main and Nuclear Physics Institute, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rez, Czech Republic*
        Speaker: Ms Magdalena Krupska (Nanostructure Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Cracow, Poland)
      • 18:20
        Applying an Evolutionary Algorithm for Automated Ion Beam Analysis Data Evaluation 20m
        To extract chemical compositions and layer thicknesses of layered samples from Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) spectra experimentalists typically have to simulate a theoretical spectrum for an initial target configuration and compare the outcome to the measured data followed by the successive re-adjustment of the target model until simulation result and experimental spectrum fit each other. For multi-element layered samples this procedure can get rather time consuming. Although modern IBA spectrum simulation software like SimNRA[1] or WINDF[2] have become quite powerful tools, the analysis of IBA spectra consumes still a significant fraction of an IBA scientist’s working time. In this contribution, we present a new approach for automated IBA spectra fitting by applying an evolutionary algorithm. We show that this approach is well suited and robust for complete and fast IBA spectrum fitting with minimum input of boundary conditions. Furthermore, the benefits of this algorithm and the particular differences to the simulated annealing approach are pointed out. Based on this algorithm a platform independent software package has been developed that comprises a clean and easy-to-use graphical user interface. We will introduce this software in a basic overview. [1] M. Mayer, AIP Conf. Proc. (AIP), 1999, 541-544. [2] N. P. Barradas, C. Jeynes, R. P. Webb, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71(2), 1997, 291.
        Speaker: Dr René Heller (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf)
    • 19:00 → 20:00
      Dinner (GSI Canteen) 1h KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
  • Wednesday, 25 April
    • 08:45 → 10:25
      Mat Science Week: Session 4 KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
      • 08:45
        Optical metasurfaces created by ion irradiation of phase transition materials 20m
        Active, widely tunable optical materials have enabled rapid advances in photonics and optoelectronics, especially in the emerging field of meta-devices. Of the tunable optical materials, one of the most prolifically studied is the VO2, which undergoes a reversible IMT as the temperature reaches a critical temperature of approximately 67°C due to strong electron correlations. Energetic ion beams are widely used to modify the electronic and structural properties of solids by introducing impurity atoms into the crystal lattice. Commonly, the inevitable formation of irradiation damage during ion bombardment is described as disadvantageously for ion beam doping and subsequent post-implantation annealing procedures are required. Since the electronic structure of strongly electron correlated materials is very sensitive to small amounts of lattice defects, ion beam induced damage formation combined with lithographic patterning can be used to locally adjust the phase transitions of these materials. Using this robust technique, optical metasurfaces, including tunable absorbers with artificially induced phase coexistence and tunable polarizers based on thermally triggered dichroism are demonstrated.
        Speaker: Mr Jura Rensberg (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena)
      • 09:05
        Secondary Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometry with Swift Heavy Ions and Highly Charged Ions 20m
        A time-of-flight mass spectrometer to investigate sputtered material under swift heavy ion bombardment installed at the M-Branch of the UNILAC beam line is not only capable of getting mass resolved information about sputtered secondary ions, i.e., ionized atoms, clusters and molecules leaving the irradiated surface, but also allows the detection of their neutral counterparts by means of laser post-ionization. This setup provides the capability to gain information about the composition of the sputtered material and how the secondary ion formation process is influenced by changing the nature of the emission process from nuclear sputtering in the keV regime to electronic sputtering in the GeV regime. We will present results obtained with this instrument during recent beam times and give an outlook of new experiments planned in the future, where not only the instrument at the M-Branch will be upgraded to increase its capabilities but also a new setup is currently under construction for the CRYRING. The new setup installed there will utilize the possibility to alter the kinetic energy of the projectile and its charge state independently. This offers the opportunity to investigate the role of potential energy contained in the projectile with respect to the electronic and nuclear sputtering processes. The new setup will also be equipped with an electron and Raman spectrometer to gain information electron emission under these conditions and material changes due to ion interaction.
        Speaker: Dr Lars Breuer (Universität Duisburg-Essen)
      • 09:25
        Abnormal lattice location and electrical activation in chalcogen-hyperdoped Si 20m
        Hyperdoping has emerged as a promising method for designing semiconductors with unique physical properties. In general, these properties are primarily determined by the lattice location of the impurity atoms in the host material. In this contribution, the lattice location of implanted chalcogens in Si was experimentally determined by means of Rutherford backscattering/channeling (RBS/C). The implication on the electrical activation of chalcogens in Si will be discussed with respect to the Hall effect results. The obtained carrier concentration and the RBS angular scans across the <100> and <110> axis reveal that the electrically active/inactive concentration of Te correlates with the concentration of substitutional/interstitial site Te atoms. Surprisingly, contrary to the general belief, we find that the interstitial fraction decreases with increasing impurity concentration. This abnormal dependence of lattice location and electrical activation on impurity concentration suggests that the formation energy for the substitutional Te or Te-Te dimers in Si is lower than for the interstitial Te. This assumption is theoretically verified by the first-principles calculations.
        Speaker: Ms Mao Wang (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf)
      • 09:45
        Change of Ar diffusion coefficient in glass by heavy ion irradiation 20m
        Glass is a function material with free volume. The gas diffusion coefficient in glass is sensitive to atom size and temperature. This feature could be used as a functional filter of gases. In order to enhance Ar diffusion coefficient in glass without changing mechanical property, heavy ion irradiation was applied in this work. Hollow glass microspheres was irradiated with the 15 MeV Si6+, at different fluences in between 1.0×10E15 to 3.0×10E16 ions/cm2. After irradiation, Ar gas was filled into the hollow glass microspheres under different temperature and pressure. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer and quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) were used to measure the quantity of argon gas in the hollow glass microspheres. A certain amount of argon gas (0.001~3.10 bar) was found in the hollow glass microsphere at different conditions, which related with not only the irradiation fluence, but also the temperature and the pressure. The preserving abilities of filled Ar gases in the hollow glass microsphere were also tested at room temperature. No significant change of insert gas pressure was found after a few months. It implies that the filled Ar has not leaked out. So the diffusion coefficient of glass have been changed and the on/off function to Ar gas in glass has been created with heavy ion irradiation. A theoretical simulation has been carried out to interpret the on/off function. Further approaches with swift heavy ion irradiation is in plan.
        Speaker: Prof. Tieshan Wang (School of Nuclear Sciecne and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China)
      • 10:05
        (Bio)molecular detection with track-etched single synthetic ion channel 20m
        Solid-state nanofluidic pores have been attracting considerable attention of scientific community because of their structural and chemical resemblance with biological ion channels for mimicking biological process in living systems. Compared to ion channels, synthetic nanopores exhibit high stability, control over pore dimensions (size and geometry) and their surface chemical properties can be tuned on demand. Therefore, they are considered perfect candidate to design and develop of nanofluidic sensory devices by introducing variety of functional groups on the inner pore surface for the detection of specific analyte (biomacromolecules/ chemicals) through host-guest interactions. The biomolecular recognition processes taking place in confined geometries results in the partial/complete blockage of the pore and/or modulation of pore surface charge polarity. Here, I will present our recent progress in the design and construction of nanofluidic sensory devices based on polymeric track-etched nanopores for the recognition of various (bio)molecular analytes.
        Speaker: Dr Mubarak Ali (Technische Universität(TUDA))
    • 10:25 → 11:00
      Coffee 35m KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
    • 11:00 → 12:20
      Mat Science Week: Session 5 KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
      • 11:00
        Development of In-situ X-Ray Diffraction Measurements during Low Energy Ion Beam Etching 20m
        In-situ X-ray diffraction measurements following the details of ion nitriding of stainless steel have been developed during the last 5 years. Nevertheless, the amount of local information is limited as diffusion and relaxation processes due to the elevated temperature during the process will lead to dynamic processes difficult to be resolved as a function of depth. On the other hand, mechanical polishing of layered systems to gradually remove material and successive analysis by XRD is an established and accepted method. Here, we propose to use low energy ion beam etching coupled with in-situ XRD to obtain detailed, depth-resolved data. Limiting the ion energy to 1 keV or less will lead to minor modifications of material, avoiding potential plastic or elastic deformation during mechanical removal, restricted to the immediate surface zone of only up to 10 nm. At the same time, the XRD information depth is between 2 and 100 µm, conditional on the specific materials system. With a current density near 100 µA/cm2, a depth resolution of 15 – 25 nm per spectrum can be realized. The analysis of the results can be performed using the intensity of reflections from the layer system as well from an underlying substrate. As the experimental setup is constrained to Bragg-Brentano geometry, surface roughening may result in a continuously degrading depth sensitivity.
        Speaker: Dr Darina Manova (Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung (IOM) e.V.)
      • 11:20
        Simulation of Ion Beam induced Surface Dynamics 20m
        Structuring of surfaces through ion beam irradiation can be used to create self organizing dune-like waves, dimples, flat surfaces or chaotic patterns. The final structures are a result of the interplay of sputtering, redeposition, projectile implantation, transport and viscous flow, void/bubble formation and the initial surface conditions. Accurate simulations of structuring are possible through molecular dynamics simulations, but these simulations are computationally too expensive to allow for a prediction of up to micrometer scale structures. A much faster approach is available through the use of continuum models. For this the net effect of the irradiation is expressed as the local change in surface height as a function of and up to forth order spacial derivatives of the local surface height. Typically the resulting equations of motion are taylor-expanded up to second order. Such an approach can be accurate when the surface is relatively flat and shadowing is not important, but the parameters often need to be empirically readjusted for experiments at different impact angles, ion energies or materials. Here we present a new software package that allows for the rapid simulation of surface dynamics for arbitrary, nonlinear equations of motion that can also include nonlocal effects. With this software we explore nonlinear expansions to some of the common models and the effects of shadowing at flat impact angles.
        Speaker: Mr Alrik Stegmaier (2. Physik, Universität Göttingen)
      • 11:40
        Counterintuitive temperature dependence of ion beam shaping of Si nanopillars 20m
        Silicon nanopillars down to a diameter of ~20 nm and up to an aspect ratio 3 have been exposed to high-fluence irradiation of 50 keV Si$^+$ ions. When the pillars are kept at room temperature (RT) they change their shape drastically under 10$^{16}$ Si$^+$cm$^{-2}$ irradiation: They become bell-shaped, i.e. their heights decreases and their diameters increases strongly. To understand this shaping we performed 3D simulations using the program TRI3DYN [1] which show clearly that this shaping cannot be explained by sputtering effects. The shape change originates probably from ion-induced viscous flow [2, 3]. During irradiation at RT the Si becomes amorphous which allows a plastic deformation. Surprisingly, under irradiation at 400°C the bell-like shaping disappears completely. The nanopillars become thinner without a substantial reduction of their height. This agrees nicely with predictions of our 3D TRI3DYN simulations, i.e. sputtering is at 400°C the dominating mechanism. At high-T irradiation viscous flow is blocked as the Si pillars remain crystalline. The authors acknowledge support from the H2020 project “IONS4SET”, contract number 688072. [1] W. Möller, W. Eckstein, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B322 (2014) 23. [2] H. Trinkaus, A.I. Ryazanov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995) 5072. [3] T. van Dillen et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 83 (2003) 4315, ibid. 84 (2004) 3591.
        Speaker: Karl-Heinz Heinig (HZDR)
      • 12:00
        Application of ion beams to fabricate and tune ferromagnetic semiconductors 20m
        Mn doped III-V compounds semiconductors have been regarded as the prototype of ferromagnetic semiconductors. However, their preparation presents a big challenge due to the low solubility of Mn. In this talk, I will show how ion beams can be used in fabricating and understanding ferromagnetic semiconductors. First, ion implantation followed by pulsed laser melting (II-PLM) provides an alternative to the widely used low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy approach [1]. II-PLM is successful to bring two new members, GaMnP and InMnP, into the family of III-V:Mn [2]. For the first time, we could prepare GaMnAs and InMnAs with low Mn concentration to cross over the insulator-to-metal transition regime [3]. Second, we use helium ion to precisely compensate hole in ferromagnetic semiconductors while keeping the Mn concentration constant [4]. These materials synthesized or tailored by ion beams provide an alternative avenue to understand how carrier-mediated ferromagnetism is influenced by localization. [1] M. Scarpula, et al. PRL 95, 207204 (2005), S. Zhou, et al., APEX 5, 093007 (2012), S. Zhou, JPD 48, 263001 (2015). [2] M. Khalid et al., PRB 89, 121301(R) (2014), Y. Yuan et al., IEEE Trans. Magn. 50, 2401304 (2014). [3] S. Prucnal et al., PRB 92, 224407 (2015), Y. Yuan et al., PRM 1, 054401 (2017). [4] L. Li, et al., JPD 44 099501 (2011), L. Li, et al., NIMB 269, 2469 (2011), S. Zhou, et al., PR B 95, 075205 (2016), Y. Yuan et al., JPD in press (2018).
        Speaker: Dr Shengqiang Zhou (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf)
    • 12:20 → 12:40
      Group Photo KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
    • 12:40 → 14:15
      Lunch 1h 35m KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
    • 14:15 → 14:45
      Mat Science Week: Session 6 KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
      • 14:15
        Materials Research irradiation facilities at GSI/Fair 30m
        The facility for antiproton and ion research (FAIR) will provide a unique accelerator complex with heavy ion beams up to 10GeV/u and highest intensities. Besides the existing target stations dedicated to materials research (M-branch, X0, and Cave A) two new target stations in the APPA Cave and at CRYRING are planned and under commissioning respectively. The future APPA cave hosts the high energy BIOMAT beamline including a materials research setup. The multi-user experimental area has to cover very different user demands covering a broad range of beam intensities, energies and pulse structures and requiring flexible beam diagnostics and on-line monitoring of beam parameters. The target area includes settings for efficient sample exchange systems for irradiations of small (e.g., biocells) and large (e.g., satellite components) samples in air, a multi-port UHV chamber for irradiations and in-situ material analysis under high vacuum conditions, as well as special high-pressure devices to simultaneously expose samples to pressure, temperature, and energetic ions. In addition, an experimental target station at the extraction beamline of CRYRING is under construction and will be commissioned in 2018.
        Speaker: Dr Daniel Severin (GSI, Darmstadt)
    • 14:45 → 16:45
      GSI Tour KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
    • 16:45 → 17:15
      Coffee 30m KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
    • 17:15 → 19:05
      Mat Science Week: Session 7 KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
      • 17:15
        GSI/FAIR 30m
        Speaker: Prof. Paolo Giubellino (GSI)
      • 17:45
        Enabling in situ diffraction and imaging studies during heavy relativistic ion irradiation and studies of photon-ion interactions: A „Compact Light Source @ SIS 100 @ FAIR 20m
        It is now possible to acquire a “compact light source”, CLS, which delivers hard x-rays with a brilliance similar to 3rd generation synchrotrons. The CLS is based on a miniature electron storage ring, in combination with a picosecond laser, where the laser pulse stored in a high-finesse optical cavity acts as an “undulator” to produce x-rays. Such a CLS can be built to have a brightness of 4 x 10$^{12}$ [photons/s/mrad$^2$/mm$^2$/4% BW] and, in a next development stage, 10$^{14}$ [photons/s/mrad$^2$/mm$^2$/4% BW]. Photon energies are tunable between 8 – 35 keV initially, and up to 100 keV for the next development stage. X-ray pulses are 65 ps long, with a repetition rate of 65 MHz. As the machine is extremely compact it would be possible to place it close to FAIR experimental stations. It would then be possible to either use the intense high energy photon beam for studies of the interaction between ion-beams and photons, or to use diffraction, spectroscopic and imaging approaches to study materials during irradiation with relativistic ions in real time with millisecond time resolution. In times when no ion beams are available, the machine could be used for diffraction, spectroscopic and imaging studies. The combination of a high energy, brilliant x-ray source with the FIAR facilities would provide unique experimental opportunities not available anywhere else and hence it would now be timely to consider integrating such a machine into the FAIR facilities.
        Speaker: Mr Bjoern Winkler (Goethe Universität)
      • 18:05
        1-10 MeV/u cw-heavy ion beams at GSI 20m
        In 2017 s newly developed superconducting 15-gap RF-accelerator cavity has been successfully tested at GSI . After a short commissioning and ramp up time of some days, a Crossbar H-cavity accelerated first time heavy ion beams with full transmission up to the design beam energy of 1.85 MeV/u. The design acceleration gain of 3.5 MV inside a length of less than 70 cm has been verified with heavy ion beam of up to 1.5 particle mueA. The measured beam parameters showed excellent beam quality, while a dedicated beam dynamics layout provides beam energy variation between 1.2 and 2.2 MeV/u. As a next step towards an entire superconducting heavy ion cw-Linac with variable beam energy (3.5 - 7.3 MeV/u at A/q = 6) the first fully equiped cryo module CM1, will be set up and tested. Results of the recent beam test campaign as well as a scenario for user operation using cw-heavy ion beams from CM1 and entire cw-linac will be presented
        Speaker: Maksym Miski-Oglu (GSI, Darmstadt)
      • 18:25
        PRIOR - Proton Microscope for FAIR 20m
        High energy proton microscopy (HEPM) or radiography is a novel technique for probing the interior of dense objects in static or dynamic experiments by mono-energetic beams of GeV-energy protons. A special system of magnetic lenses is employed for imaging and aberrations correction. Using this technique, one can measure the areal density distribution of a thick sample with sub-percent accuracy, micrometer-scale spatial and nanosecond-scale temporal resolutions. HEPM is of considerable interest for dense plasma physics, materials research, biophysics and medicine. The PRIOR (Proton Microscope for FAIR) facility will use 2 - 5 GeV intense proton beams from SIS-18 or SIS-100 synchrotrons and will allow for a significant step forward in spatial (~ 10-15 µm) and temporal (~ 5-10 ns) resolution. In 2014, a PRIOR prototype (PRIOR-I) has been constructed and successfully commissioned at the HHT area of GSI in static and dynamic experiments with intense 3.6 GeV proton beam from SIS-18. The PRIOR-I employs high-gradient (120 T/m) NdFeB permanent magnet quadrupole lenses. The commissioning of PRIOR-I has demonstrated 30 μm spatial and 10 ns temporal resolution with remarkable density sensitivity. The final design of the PRIOR proton microscope (PRIOR-II) employs small but strong and radiation-resistant electromagnets. It is assumed that the setup will be first used at GSI for static or dynamic experiments, and later will be transferred without modifications to the new experimental area at FAIR. The PRIOR-II facility will provide a magnification of about 3.5 at GSI and up to 8 at FAIR with 10 μm spatial resolution at the object. The first experiments with the PRIOR-II facility are planned for the end of 2019.
        Speaker: Dmitry Varentsov (GSI, Darmstadt)
      • 18:45
        Plasma physics at FAIR using intense ion and laser beams 20m
        Intense beams of energetic heavy ions offer a novel path towards volumetric heating of dense millimeter-sized targets. In the APPA cave at the future FAIR facility these capabilities will be exploited to study matter at extreme conditions and dense strongly-coupled plasmas. The talk will give a short introduction to the planned experimental facilities and platforms, as well as examples of experiments planned by the plasma physics collaboration. Also, activities within FAIR phase-0 in the next years will be reported.
        Speaker: Dr Paul Neumayer (GSI, Darmstadt)
    • 19:15 → 20:00
      Dinner (GSI Canteen) 45m KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
  • Thursday, 26 April
    • 08:45 → 10:15
      Mat Science Week: Session 8 KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
      • 08:45
        Material modifications under extreme conditions delivered by swift heavy ions 30m
        The slowing down of swift heavy ions in matter leads to the deposition of enormous energy to the electrons of a given target of the order of 1022 W/cm3. This presentation provides an overview of the present knowledge of ion tracks and material modifications induced by swift heavy ions of MeV to GeV energy. Track formation requires a critical energy loss threshold and shows a clear dependence on the material conductivity as well as on the velocity of the ions [1]. Track effects are investigated by a large variety of methods including direct track measurements such as electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy as well as indirect techniques such as small angle X-ray scattering, X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and infrared or Raman spectroscopy. Regarding theoretical approaches, the inelastic thermal spike model [2] is the most promising approach. It will be discussed how material sensitivity is influenced by the electron-phonon mean free path of the material and the radial energy deposition on the electrons. [1] M. Toulemonde, W. Assmann, C. Dufour, A. Meftah and C. Trautmann Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 277 (2012) 28 [2] C. Dufour and M. Toulemonde Ser. Surf. Sci. 61 (2016) 63
        Speaker: Mr Marcel Toulemonde (CIMAP-GANIL)
      • 09:15
        Structural Transformations Induced at Extreme Conditions: Coupling High-Pressure Cells with Energetic Ion Beams 30m
        Recent advances in the design of diamond anvil cells and techniques for reaching extremely high pressures and temperatures have been combined with irradiations using swift heavy ions. These relativistic ions provide a unique opportunity to access states of matter quite far from thermodynamic equilibrium [1]. Each projectile deposits exceptional amounts of kinetic energy (GeV) within an exceedingly short interaction time (sub-fs) into nanometer-sized volumes of a material, resulting in extremely high energy densities (up to tens of eV/atom). The coupling of extreme energy deposition with high pressures and high temperatures, realized by injecting the relativistic heavy ions through a mm-thick diamond anvil of the pressure cell, dramatically alters transformation pathways and can lead to the formation of new states of matter. This innovative experimental approach allows us to probe the behavior of materials under extreme conditions, to form and stabilize novel phases in a wide range of oxides (e.g., GeO2 and Gd2Zr2O7) [2], and to manipulate the physical and chemical properties of solids at the nanoscale (e.g., CO2). A further application is to investigate the effects of radioactive decay events in compressed and heated minerals of Earth’s interior, such as fission-track formation under crustal conditions and phase transitions of damaged minerals (e.g., ZrSiO4) resulting from meteorite impact [3]. This presentation describes the state-of-the-art science in this field by presenting several examples of structural modifications induced by coupled extreme conditions. [1] J.M. Zhang, M. Lang, M. Toulemonde, R. Devanathan, R.C. Ewing, W.J. Weber, J. Mater. Res. 25 (2010) 1344. [2] M. Lang, F.X. Zhang, J.M. Zhang, J.W. Wang, B. Schuster, C. Trautmann, R. Neumann, U. Becker, R.C. Ewing, Nature Materials 8 (2009) 793. [3] M. Lang, F.X. Zhang, J. Lian, C. Trautmann, R. Neumann, R.C. Ewing, J. Synchrotron Radaition 6 (2009) 773.
        Speaker: Prof. Maik Lang (University of Tenneessee)
      • 09:45
        High pressure devices: Design, performance & applications 20m
        In this talk I will give an introductory review of high pressure devices covering pressures in the range 0.1-100 GPa (1 kbar-1 Mbar) and corresponding sample volumes of approximately 10^4-10^-3 mm^3. I will illustrate typical applications of these devices in material research, in particular at large-scale user facilities, and discuss advantages and their limitations. If there is time, potential science applications using ion irradiation of samples under pressure will be discussed.
        Speaker: Dr Stefan Klotz (Université P&amp;M Curie)
    • 10:15 → 10:45
      Coffee 30m KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
    • 10:45 → 12:15
      Mat Science Week: Session 9 KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
      • 10:45
        Time-resolved measurements at high pressures using diamond anvil cells 30m
        Time-resolved and pump and probe experiments using pulsed-laser heating and the diamond anvil cell technique have recently shown that they can yield information on transport properties of matter [1] as well as they can create and probe warm dense matter [2]. Time-resolved temperature response of an iron sample has been measured in order to provide thermal conductivity constraints in the Earth’s core, valuable information not directly accessible by static measurements. The pump and probe experiments utilized intense short laser pulses capable of driving noble gases at high pressures to temperatures where a transition to a metallic state occurred. Such short-lived states, however, call for fast X-ray probes, which are not available at the synchrotron sources. The unprecedented brightness offered by the European XFEL at hard X-ray energies of up to 25 keV facilitates method-development utilizing diamond anvil cells (DAC). Using rapid compression and pulsed-laser heating combined with DAC technology it is possible to create extreme states of matter, which are short lived and therefore require ultrafast probes in form of short FEL X-ray pulses. The HED instrument [3] will feature a second interaction chamber with a setup fully optimized for research using diamond anvil cells [4]. Rapid compression reaching higher pressures and greater strain rates than in conventional DAC will be realised using a piezo-driven dynamic DAC (dDAC), potentially also combined with pulsed-laser heating. Pulsed-laser heating will be used to create warm dense matter in nanosecond timescales. The X-ray repetition rate of the European XFEL of up to 4.5 MHz will then be used to characterize these extreme states by means of scattering, imaging and/or spectroscopic methods. [1] Konôpková, Z., McWilliams, R. S., Gómez-Pérez, N., & Goncharov, A. F. (2016). Direct measurement of thermal conductivity in solid iron at planetary core conditions. Nature, 534(7605), 99–101. [2] McWilliams, R. S., Dalton, D. A., Konôpková, Z., Mahmood, M. F., & Goncharov, A. F. (2015). Opacity and conductivity measurements in noble gases at conditions of planetary and stellar interiors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(26). [3] Nakatsutsumi et al., Technical Design Report, Scientific Instrument High Energy Density Physics (HED), 2014 [4] HP. Liermann et al., Conceptual Design Report for Diamond Anvil Setup (DAC) at the HED instrument of the European XFEL, 2016
        Speaker: Dr Zuzana Konopkova (European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH)
      • 11:15
        Equation of state for strong compression 30m
        An equations of state for solids is formulated with the correct behavior at very under strong compression and for wide ranges of temperature at first for "regular" solid. Modifications for solid with electronic configuration crossing are discussed and the formulation of a coherent equation of state for the fluid phase is illustrated for argon and water under very strong compression.
        Speaker: Prof. Wilfried B. Holzapfel (Department of Physics University Paderborn)
      • 11:45
        "High pressure" (tba) 30m
        Speaker: Reinhard Boehler
    • 12:15 → 12:45
      Discussion KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
    • 12:45 → 14:15
      Lunch 1h 30m KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
    • 14:15 → 15:35
      Mat Science Week: Session 10 KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
      • 14:15
        Acoustic energy loss measurements of GeV ions 30m
        The energy loss maximum (Bragg peak) at their end of range is a characteristic feature of ions stopping in matter, which causes an acoustic pulse, if ions are deposited in short-enough bunches. This *ionoacoustic effect* has been studied for decades now, mainly for astrophysical applications, and has recently found renewed interest in proton therapy for range measurements in tissue. Within test experiments at the upgraded SIS18 in 2016, ionoacoustic range measurements have been performed in water using 238U and 124Xe ion beams around 300MeV/u, and a 12C ion beam around 200MeV/u with fast beam extraction to get 1 microsecond pulse length. Relative range changes for the different ions and energies were found in agreement with simulations to better than 1%. Given the unique accuracy provided by ionoacoustic range measurements in water and their simplicity, we propose this as a new method for stopping power measurements for ions at GeV energies. After a range-energy calibration of the acoustic detector setup for a certain ion species in water, different materials and thicknesses can be mounted on a target wheel and inserted between the exit window of the beamline and the entrance in the water tank hosting the acoustic detector. From the measured range changes stopping powers can be derived in a fast and efficient manner with high accuracy.
        Speaker: Dr Walter Assmann (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, Germany)
      • 14:45
        Avalanches and crackling noise 30m
        Radiation damage processes generate acoustic emission (AE) due to defect avalanches. Avalanche processes have been heavily researched (review Salje and Dahmen, 2014) in recent years. The initiation of avalanches is achieved by standing acoustic waves (Baro et al. 2013), stress, strain, electric fields and were demonstrated to be reproduced by computer simulations (Salje et al. 2017). Internal radiation damage in zircon produces avalanches with fixed numbers of displaced atoms per avalanche. The scale invariant avalanche mechanism is hence replaced by scaled single events and their overlap. The predicted transition from power law dynamics to exponential dynamics has not been observed experimentally, however, because the internal stimulus by alpha decay is too weak to generate large enough avalanche processes. Alternatively, heavy ion irradiation is expected to initiate similar responses, which can be used to study the dynamic response to radiation damage in crystalline matrices. Baro et al.2013 Statistical Similarity between the Compression of a Porous Material and Earthquakes PRL 110, 088702. Salje and Dahmen 2014 Crackling Noise in Disordered Materials Ann Rev CM Physics 5,233 Salje et al.Ultrafast Switching in Avalanche-Driven Ferroelectrics by Supersonic Kink Movements Adv Func. Mat.27,1700367
        Speaker: Prof. Ekhard Salje (University of Cambridge)
      • 15:15
        Swift heavy ion-irradiated calcite (CaCO3) analyzed by UV-C Laser excited Fluorescence-Spectrometry 20m
        The influence of natural radiation on luminescence behaviour of calcite leads to the assumption that it might be possible to determine the defect concentration, and therefore, the fluence applied to irradiated calcite crystals, by measuring the intensity change of the luminescence peaks. A new mobile UV-C laser excited fluorescence spectrometer system was build to be used at different irradiation beamlines (M-3 branch, SIS-18, and CRYRING) at GSI, Darmstadt for online and in-situ measurements. The system consists of a Crylas 266-200 UV-C pulsed laser (of λ=266 nm, 160 µJ/pulse, 60 Hz), a beam splitter, newly designed sample holder on a software driven 3-axis piezo-stage (PI Q521-300), a mirror, a UV-C beam dump, a longpass filter, two different optical fibres and two UV/Vis spectrometer. The Ocean Optics USB 4000 UV/Vis Spectrometer is used if the material under investigation provides high photon release. The Horiba Jobion Yvon iHR 320 spectrometer with a Pelletier cooled camera is used for low photon counts as it has a very high signal to noise ratio. Calcite crystals irradiated with 11.1 MeV/u Au ions of fluences between 1 x 106 and 1 x 1012 ions/cm2were investigated with the new system. In comparison to non-irradiated calcite crystals, the following changes can be seen with increasing fluence: - Increasing intensity of peaks and the appearance of new peaks.
        Speaker: Prof. Ulrich Anton Glasmacher (Institute of Earth Sciences, University Heidelberg)
    • 15:35 → 16:30
      Discussion KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
    • 16:30 → 17:00
      Coffee 30m KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
    • 17:00 → 18:20
      Mat Science Week: Session 11 KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
      • 17:00
        Verification of velocity effect in yttrium iron garnet by HR-STEM observations of latent tracks. 20m
        The characterization of swift heavy ion induced latent tracks morphology in various materials allows one to see general trends and plays an important role for correct understanding of material damage process due to high density electronic excitations. To date, a number of direct and indirect methods (such as TEM, RBS/c, XRD, SAXS, AFM) have been used to evaluate latent track parameters (diameter and threshold of formation) as a function of electronic energy losses, ion velocity and irradiation temperature. However, there is a certain discrepancy between experimentally measured track sizes when direct and indirect methods are used as well as contradictions between two most commonly used theoretical models (analytical and inelastic thermal spike), regarding the validity of so-called "velocity effect" (VE). Such discrepancies are probably related to a lack of a clear representation of latent tracks morphology in various materials. In this work low and high velocity Kr and Xe ion irradiation of Y3Fe5O12 single crystalls (YIG) have been performed to verify a validity of VE in YIG by means of HR-STEM observation technique. It has been shown that there is a difference in the latent tracks size for low and high velocity irradiated YIG, indicating on the velocity effect. A discussion of possible reasons of inconsistency in track sizes from direct and indirect measurements will be presented.
        Speaker: Mr Maxim Saifulin (FLNR, JINR)
      • 17:20
        Structural and mechanical properties modifications induced in α-Al2O3 under swift heavy ions 20m
        Sapphire is a common substrate for a broad variety of materials due to its optical transparency, insulating property and its hexagonal structure allowing often an easy epitaxial growth. During the use in radiative environment, such as space or nuclear industry, the materials intrinsic properties can be modified. Indeed, investigating the behavior of sapphire substrate under ion irradiation and its potential influence on the features of the epitaxial top layer is crucial for a reliable use. In this work, mechanical properties and structural modifications induced by swift heavy ion irradiation are investigated. (0001)-Al2O3 single crystals have been irradiated along the c-direction by 92 MeV 129Xe at different fluences at GANIL (Caen, France). HRXD and nanoindentation combined with confocal microscopy have been used to characterize samples. The evolution of the X-Ray patterns and of the mechanical properties are discussed as a function of the fluence. Lattice parameter variations are linked to disorder formation and amorphization. A depth profile is suggested as an explanation for the structural behavior. Correlated to the crystallographic disorder, a decrease in elastic modulus and hardness is observed. It has also be noted an influence of the ion irradiation on the shape of residual indents and on the morphology of the cracks. Complementary RBS/c, Raman spectroscopy and TEM results are discussed for a better understanding of the physical modifications under irradiation.
        Speaker: Mr Alexis RIBET (CIMAP)
      • 17:40
        Radiolysis of nucleobases under heavy ion irradiation: scaling laws for radio-resistance 20m
        Complex organic molecules (COMs) have been detected in outer space [1]. The carbonaceous meteorites found on earth containing traces of nucleobases (i.e. adenine, guanine etc.) also indicate towards their presence in outer space. The later is permeated by ionizing radiations, therefore, COMs constantly suffer irradiation. Survival of COMs depends on their radio-resistance, and measurements of the corresponding destruction rates help to estimate their half-life-time in outer space [2]. We have studied the radiolysis of nucleobases in solid phase by swift heavy ions at very low temperatures (~20K). The experiments were performed at GANIL/France and GSI/Germany facilities. Samples were prepared by liquid evaporation and vapour deposition techniques. The IR absorption spectra of the samples were obtained in situ, before and after irradiation, with a FTIR spectrometer setup [3]. The evolution of IR bands with the ion-fluence allows to deduce apparent destruction cross sections (σ) by fitting with an exponential decay function. The samples were irradiated with several projectiles with different electronic stopping power (Se) to obtain the scaling law. Estimations of survival times in cold universe and comparison to UV radiation will be presented. **References:** 1. Altwegg K. et al, Sci. Adv. 2016: Vol. 2, no. 5, e1600285. 2. Muniz G. S. V. et al, Astrobiology 17 (2017):298-308. 3. Duarte E. S. et al, Astronomy and Astrophysics (2009) 502 (2): 599–603.
        Speaker: Dr Aditya Narain Agnihotri (Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique CIMAP, GANIL, CEA/CNRS/ENSICAEN/UNICAEN, Caen, France)
    • 19:30 → 20:30
      Dinner (Restaurant Weißer Schwan, Arheilgen) 1h Restaurant Weißer Schwan Arheilgen

      Restaurant Weißer Schwan Arheilgen
  • Friday, 27 April
    • 09:00 → 10:20
      Mat Science Week: Session 12 KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI
      • 09:00
        TEM investigations of structural and chemical order in III-N semiconductors irradiated by swift heavy ions 20m
        The nitride semiconductors, (Ga,In)N, which display optical and electronic properties, intend to become one of the next-generation technology for space exploration [1]. Such application requires studying the behavior of these materials under cosmic radiation, hence InN and GaN specimens were irradiated at the GANIL facility with 950 MeV Pb and 1,4 GeV U. These structural and chemical changes induced by swift heavy ions were investigated though transmission electron microscopy (TEM). High resolution TEM investigations were performed to identify the structural order along the ion tracks and the strain induced in the lattice neighboring the ion tracks [2]. Chemical investigations were carried out by STEM - Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) to describe the chemical order in the neighboring and inside the ion path. Discontinuous tracks in GaN samples and a density fluctuation around the track were identified by STEM HAADF. Chemical profiles plotted across ion tracks indicate a decrease of gallium rate within the ion path while higher density of gallium is clearly observed outside the track. Furthermore, the nitrogen k near-edge fine structure investigation reveals the encapsulation of nitrogen bubbles inside the ion tracks. [1] Ackermann J., Angert N., Neumann R., et al. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys ResB, 1996, vol. 107, no 1-4, p. 181-184. [2] Sall, M., Monnet I., Moisy, F. et al. Journal of Materials Science, 2015, vol. 50, no 15, p. 5214-5227.
        Speaker: Dr Jean Gabriel Mattei (CIMAP)
      • 09:20
        Heavy ion-induced gas desorption in accelerators 20m
        In heavy-ion accelerators such as the heavy ion synchrotron SIS18 at GSI, charge exchanged lost beam ions stimulate the release of gas from the chamber walls and the subsequent pressure increase leads to increased or even complete beam-loss. Consequently heavy ion-induced desorption is an issue for next-generation heavy ion accelerators with highest beam intensities. To come up against dynamic vacuum, several measures have been conducted. In particular the physics behind the ion-induced release of gas was investigated. It could be shown that the desorbed gas is originating mainly from surface-close regions of the target. But in contrast to earlier ideas, sputtering of the oxide layer on metals was not identified as source for desorbed gas. The contribution summarizes the perceptions gathered to date, including desorption yield studies, materials analysis and modeling of the process. Latest experiments on the annealing of critical components revealed the possibility to minimize the desorption yield by two orders of magnitude. The amount and composition of gas contained in materials was measured by thermal desorption spectroscopy and gives insight into the origin of desorbed gas. At superconducting structures of new accelerators, gas can be accumulated at the surface over time and therefore investigations on desorption of frozen gas ice were started.
        Speaker: Dr Markus Bender (GSI, Darmstadt)
      • 09:40
        Photothermal radiometry study of heavy ion beam induced modification of polycrystalline graphite thermal properties 20m
        Polycrystalline graphite (PG) is one of the best candidate materials for applications in extreme radiation environments. It exhibits superior thermo-mechanical properties, resistance to elevated temperatures and stresses, low density leading to low linear energy transfer and reduced beam-induced activation. Recent studies report on ion beam induced hardening and increased electrical resistance of irradiated graphite materials [1]. Additionally, modifications of thermal properties leading to changes in efficiency of dissipation of the heat deposited by high intensity ion beam should be carefully investigated. In this work, the evolution of thermal effusivity and characteristic thermal diffusion time for polycrystalline graphite samples irradiated with 4.8 MeV/u and 5.9 MeV/u Au ions and with 4.8 MeV/u U ions at the UNILAC accelerator at GSI was studied using the photothermal radiometry (PTR) technique. PTR permits a non-destructive depth analysis and can evaluate the thermal properties of thin multilayer systems [2]. In this study, PTR is applied to characterize a 50-70 µm thick ion beam- damaged layer on pristine graphite substrate. The thickness value of the irradiated layer calculated by SRIM was experimentally confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and SEM imaging on the sample’s cross-section. The results show a significant degradation of thermal effusivity down to 20% of the pristine value and a slight decrease of volumetric heat capacity of irradiated graphite at the maximum reached ion fluence of 5e13 i/cm2. The measured thermal properties of the irradiated layers reflect values characteristic to glassy carbon. This study can help in better understanding of swift heavy ion interaction with graphite and induced material modification. [1] C. Hubert, K.O. Voss, M. Bender, K. Kupka, A. Romanenko, D. Severin, C. Trautmann, M. Tomut, Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B Beam Interact. with Mater. Atoms 365 (2015) 509–514. [2] C. Jensen, M. Chirtoc, N. Horny, J.S. Antoniow, H. Pron, H. Ban, J. Appl. Phys. 114 (2013).
        Speaker: Alexey Prosvetov
      • 10:00
        Swift heavy ion irradiation damage in advanced nanostructured alloys 20m
        The most promising materials for operation under high fluxes of high-energetic irradiations are complex heterogeneous systems strengthened by nanoscale inclusions and phases. Energy loses in such structures is nontrivial. Objects of this study are two titanium alloys (Ti-5Al-4V-2Vr and Ti-6Al-4V) and ODS Eurofer steel. The effect of irradiation at room temperature on the microstructure was studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Investigation of the initial state of titanium alloys revealed bimodal grain distribution: a large number of hardening β-phases enriched in vanadium inside α-phases. Irradiation with Au ions (4.8 MeV/nucleon, up to 1×10^13 cm^-2) leads to the formation of inclusions in the α phase with an average size of 2±1 nm. These features are coherent with the matrix, aligned along the irradiation direction and can be ascribed to pre-precipitates of the β phase. Irradiation of ODS Eurofer with swift Au (4.8 MeV/nucleon; 1×10^11 and 5×10^12 cm^-2) and Xe (1.2 MeV/nucleon; 1×10^13 и 1×10^14 cm^-2) ions led to the formation of amorphous areas within large (>8 nm) oxide particles . These features are probably tracks produced along the ion paths. The average size of the observed tracks is 3±1 nm, and their density correlates with the total ion fluence. An amorphous transition layer was observed at the interface of large oxide particles after irradiation with Au ions.
        Speaker: Prof. Sergey Rogozhkin (Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute»)
    • 10:20 → 10:50
      Coffee 30m KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
    • 10:50 → 11:50
      Mat Science Week: Session 13 KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
      • 10:50
        Heavy Ion Radiation Effects on Hafnium Oxide based Resistive Random Access Memory 20m
        Classical FLASH technology shows limited radiation tolerance making it sensible to radiation induced errors, e.g., single event upsets. Charge based memories are becoming more and more sensitive to radiation with further downscaling leading to a lack of radiation hard memories beyond Mbit storage capacities. There is, thus, great demand for new intrinsically radiation hard NVM technologies. Since the storage of information in Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) is ascribed to a conductive filament of oxygen vacancies, the information is not based on charge but on a physical microstructure related state within the device, providing high resistance towards ionizing radiation, as shown for high energy protons, γ-radiation and X-ray-radiation. This makes RRAM based on hafnium oxide interesting for applications in harsh environments, such as energy plants or (aero) space applications. For such applications, the effect of heavy ion radiation on the switching behaviour needs to be investigated. Therefore, hafnium oxide based RRAM (TiN/HfOx/Pt/Au) stacks[1] were irradiated with 1.1 GeV Au-ions with fluences up to 10^12 ions/cm^2 and evaluated regarding pristine resistance, forming voltage, and data retention. [1] S. U. Sharath, Adv. Funct. Mater. 27, 1700432 (2017)
        Speaker: Mr Stefan Petzold (TU Darmstadt - Materials Science - Advanced Thin Film Technology)
      • 11:10
        Space Radiation Environment and Effects at LIP 20m
        The Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP) is the reference institution for experimental particle physics and associated technologies in Portugal. It was created in May 1986 to exploit the unique opportunities created by the country’s accession to CERN. In the last ten years an R&D line focused on the study of Space radiation environments and their effects was created and consolidated at LIP. The competences developed include all the technologies identified on ESA’s roadmap for this domain: radiation environment measurement technologies; radiation environment modelling; radiation effects analysis tools; test characterization and Radiation Hardness Assurance (RHA) of EEE components. In this presentation we will give a brief overview of LIP activities in the field of space radiation environments and effects, namely the development of a RADiation hard Electron Monitor for the JUICE ESA mission to the Jovian system (RADEM), testing of EEE components for space missions as well as the construction of the Mars Energetic Radiation Environment Models (dMEREM) simulation tool and evaluation of the effects of space radiation on crews during manned space missions. Future projects and potential interests in FAIR will be discussed.
        Speaker: Mr Jorge SAMPAIO (Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas)
      • 11:30
        Shock synthesis on radiation damaged  samples- A new field for investigation ? 20m
        Speaker: Dr Thomas Schlothauer (Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg)
    • 11:50 → 12:50
      Discussion KBW lecture hall

      KBW lecture hall

      GSI

      Planckstr. 1 64291 Darmstadt / Germany
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